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The flag and anthem that endure from the War of 1812 continue to ask each generation of Americans: “O’ say does that Star-Spangled Banner yet wave/ O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?” The lines of the lyric challenge Americans to define freedom, bravery, and patriotism for themselves and to ensure that the nation lives up to the claim of “the land of the free and the home of the brave.” Civic Pride Americans generally felt pride and high morale as the nation entered an “Era of Good Feelings.” A “selective memory” glossed over the defeats and close calls. But most Americans believed that the United States had won the War of 1812. The Treaty of Ghent that officially ended the war called for a return to the status quo, so neither side won territory. At the end of the War of 1812, both the flag and the "Star-Spangled Banner" song became iconic national symbols in the United States and the rest of the world. Foreign nations also began to look at the young republic with new respect after the United States survived a conflict with the world's most powerful navy.īefore the War of 1812, the United States’ flag was primarily a utilitarian marker, serving to identify ships and military forts. Instead of identifying themselves as Marylanders, Virginians, or citizens of other states where they lived, people began to think of themselves first as Americans.
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They began to think about what it meant to be American. The outcome of the war helped fuel a nascent sense of nationalism in many Americans. The successful American defense in the Battle for Baltimore, September 12–15, 1814, proved to be another defining moment for the United States, and the victory influenced the peace negotiations then underway.
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On September 11, 1814, the American victory in the Battle of Lake Champlain stopped the British invasion from the north.
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However, most Americans rallied to the cause.Ī series of rare victories provided a turning point for the nation. Even some now-famous patriots of the time, including Francis Scott Key, expressed concerns that the war was impractical and unjust. The War of 1812 is sometimes referred to as the “Second War for Independence,” a war to complete unfinished business.Īmerica began the War of 1812 divided: the Congressional vote declaring war was the closest of any official declaration of war in United States’ history. Furthermore, they believed that the British were inciting American Indian unrest. Americans on the western frontier resented Great Britain's occupation of lands claimed by the United States. Courtesy Donna Dickson NationalismĪs tension between the United States and Great Britain increased in the months leading up to the War of 1812, Americans who supported war (War Hawks) argued that Great Britain did not recognize the sovereignty of the United States by its restriction of American international trade and the impressment of American sailors. It flies here from a boat near Tangier Island off the eastern shore of Virginia. Often called "Old Glory," the Star-Spangled Banner flag is a popular symbol of the United States of America.